雨水收集回收利用系統

雨水收集回收利用系統

隨著我國城(cheng)市化進程的(de)加快，人口(kou)高度(du)集中(zhong)，城(cheng)市需水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量逐年增(zeng)加，而建成(cheng)區不透水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面積大幅增(zeng)加。在(zai)同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)降雨條件下，徑流(liu)系數增(zeng)加，雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)增(zeng)加，增(zeng)加了城(cheng)市排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和河流(liu)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)負擔。汛期會造成(cheng)地面積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和局(ju)部洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，同(tong)時(shi)干擾自然(ran)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文循環，減(jian)少(shao)雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滲入，無法有效(xiao)補充地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。因此，城(cheng)市不僅要(yao)防(fang)洪(hong)(hong)排(pai)澇(lao)，還要(yao)解決水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源短(duan)缺的(de)問(wen)題。城(cheng)市雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)用可以有效(xiao)減(jian)少(shao)城(cheng)市徑流(liu)量，延長(chang)匯流(liu)時(shi)間，減(jian)少(shao)防(fang)洪(hong)(hong)投資(zi)和洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)損失。

雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是一種輕污染水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，可(ke)用(yong)作景觀用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、綠化用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、工業冷(leng)卻水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和生活雜用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，補充城市(shi)生態用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，改善小氣(qi)候，補充地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，減緩地(di)面沉降，處理雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)運(yun)行成本低，經濟效益突出。

三種方法(fa)可(ke)以收集雨(yu)水？

雨水(shui)收集方式(shi)一：屋頂雨水(shui)收集方式(shi)一：

對高密度城市(shi)而言，屋頂雨水(shui)收集大大提高了降(jiang)水(shui)資源的(de)利(li)用率。

雨(yu)水(shui)收(shou)集方式(shi)二(er)：場地雨(yu)水(shui)收(shou)集方式(shi)二(er)：場地雨(yu)水(shui)收(shou)集

下凹式綠地集水

凹陷的(de)(de)綠地集(ji)水(shui)(shui)通過(guo)草溝(gou)收(shou)集(ji)場地中的(de)(de)徑流(liu)雨水(shui)(shui)。當雨水(shui)(shui)通過(guo)地表淺溝(gou)時，在過(guo)濾(lv)、滲(shen)透、吸收(shou)和生物降解的(de)(de)共(gong)同作用下去除污染(ran)物，植(zhi)被也(ye)降低了(le)雨水(shui)(shui)流(liu)速，使顆(ke)粒物沉淀，達到(dao)控(kong)制雨水(shui)(shui)徑流(liu)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。

地面滲透集水

地(di)面(mian)滲透的(de)目(mu)的(de)包括將雨水回流到地(di)下，補充地(di)下水源，改善生態環境，緩解地(di)面(mian)沉淀，減少水澇等。

透水鋪裝集水

滲水材料廣泛(fan)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)道(dao)路鋪裝，混(hun)凝土(tu)立道(dao)牙用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)車道(dao)與(yu)人(ren)行(xing)道(dao)的交界處，混(hun)凝土(tu)平(ping)道(dao)牙用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)行(xing)道(dao)與(yu)道(dao)路綠(lv)化(hua)種植帶的交界處。

收集雨(yu)水的(de)方法三：收集道(dao)路雨(yu)水

將道路兩側的綠(lv)化與雨(yu)水收集口相(xiang)結合，通(tong)過綠(lv)化過濾道路徑流進行雨(yu)水收集回收。

雨(yu)水收集(ji)利(li)用(yong)過程(cheng)：雨(yu)水初期(qi)棄流、過濾、儲(chu)存和(he)利(li)用(yong)：．

１、雨水棄流和過濾

雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)的(de)水(shui)(shui)質優于一般的(de)回收(shou)(shou)水(shui)(shui)質。實(shi)驗表明，除了(le)低(di)ＰＨ值外(wai)，初(chu)期降(jiang)雨(yu)帶來的(de)收(shou)(shou)集面污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)物和沉積物是較大的(de)問(wen)題。初(chu)期雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)中含(han)有(you)微小的(de)溶解污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)物，收(shou)(shou)集到(dao)的(de)雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)中還含(han)有(you)葉(xie)子、鳥類等較大的(de)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)物。因此，在雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)集過(guo)程(cheng)中需要設(she)置棄(qi)流(liu)和截(jie)污(wu)(wu)(wu)裝(zhuang)置。棄(qi)流(liu)裝(zhuang)置可根據流(liu)量或(huo)初(chu)始降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量進行設(she)計(ji)。屋(wu)(wu)(wu)頂雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)根據２ＭＭ控制初(chu)始棄(qi)流(liu)量。對(dui)于污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)性屋(wu)(wu)(wu)頂材料，如油毯屋(wu)(wu)(wu)頂，可適當增加棄(qi)流(liu)量。截(jie)污(wu)(wu)(wu)裝(zhuang)置也可以在雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)出口處設(she)計(ji)。．

目前，越來(lai)越多(duo)的(de)方(fang)法使用(yong)植(zhi)被淺溝和(he)植(zhi)被緩沖帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)截流來(lai)凈化雨水徑流污染物(wu)。它不僅投資(zi)小(xiao)，而且是一種(zhong)易于管(guan)理(li)和(he)實(shi)施(shi)的(de)雨水凈化方(fang)法。．

２、雨水的儲存

為(wei)了滿足雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利用的要(yao)求，需要(yao)設(she)置雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)空間，雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)池，雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)停止后凈(jing)化(hua)，慢慢使用。雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)池具有儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)和(he)調(diao)節雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量和(he)凈(jing)化(hua)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質的作用。．

根據雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)集區的(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)，可(ke)以建(jian)造地(di)(di)下(xia)封閉(bi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)(chi)、地(di)(di)上(shang)封閉(bi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)(chi)和(he)地(di)(di)上(shang)開放(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)(chi)。地(di)(di)下(xia)封閉(bi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)(chi)主(zhu)要用(yong)于(yu)住宅區或建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)儲存(cun)。它具(ju)有節約土地(di)(di)和(he)容易接(jie)(jie)入雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)道的(de)(de)特點，但有時很難溢出。地(di)(di)面封閉(bi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)(chi)適用(yong)于(yu)單體建(jian)筑(zhu)雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)儲存(cun)，具(ju)有雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)道接(jie)(jie)入和(he)管(guan)理方便(bian)的(de)(de)特點。但占(zhan)地(di)(di)面積大，地(di)(di)面開放(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)(chi)可(ke)充分利用(yong)自然條(tiao)件(jian)，可(ke)與景觀和(he)凈化相(xiang)結合(he)。

３、雨水收集利用

雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)字(zi)是經(jing)過(guo)(guo)適當處理后，建(jian)議用(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)代替不與人(ren)體(ti)接觸的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。收集到的(de)(de)(de)雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)簡單處理和(he)(he)儲存后，用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵提升到屋頂的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)塔(ta)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)于沖洗廁所。雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)空(kong)調冷卻水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、消防用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、洗車(che)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、園林綠(lv)化(hua)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、景(jing)觀用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)道路清洗用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)等(deng)其他用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收集利用(yong)(yong)(yong)滲(shen)(shen)透(tou)原(yuan)理，雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)滲(shen)(shen)透(tou)池(chi)、滲(shen)(shen)透(tou)管、滲(shen)(shen)透(tou)井、滲(shen)(shen)透(tou)蓋、滲(shen)(shen)透(tou)側溝、調節池(chi)、綠(lv)地等(deng)滲(shen)(shen)透(tou)設施補充(chong)地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。